Georgia, known as Sakartvelo to its residents, is a country rich in history and natural beauty, located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. This transcontinental nation is bordered by the Black Sea to the west, Russia to the north, and Turkey, Armenia, and Azerbaijan to the south and southeast. Georgia's diverse landscape ranges from lush subtropical Black Sea coastlines to the rugged peaks of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. The capital, Tbilisi, is known for its diverse architecture and mazelike, cobblestone streets. The country also has a deep cultural heritage, with roots tracing back to ancient kingdoms and a long history of art and literature. Modern Georgia is a unitary parliamentary republic, with a rich tradition of winemaking and a reputation for warm hospitality. Georgia declared its independence from the Soviet Union on April 9, 1991, and has since developed a vibrant economy and political system, despite facing challenges related to regional conflicts and governance.